S'pore served with top prize in food Olympics

FROM chicken rice paradise, to land of world-class chefs. Singapore has made its mark in the food world - and that is official.

The Singapore national culinary team out-cooked nine other countries to become Culinary World Masters at the Salon Culinaire Mondial, the food Olympics, on Wednesday.

This competition is held every six years.

The event, which took place in Basel, Switzerland, this year, began last Saturday and ended after five days. It is one of six global competitions accredited by the World Association of Cooks' Societies.

Only 10 of the world's top teams are invited to compete for the Culinary World Masters title.
Singapore's seven-member team comprised award-winning chefs from establishments ranging from Swissotel The Stamford to Mount Elizabeth Hospital.

Singapore beat giants Canada and Switzerland in the overall rankings, also winning a gold medal in the cold food category, which involved creating food displays based on innovative themes, and a silver in the warm food category, where each national team had to create a three-course menu for 110 people.

The win puts Singapore at the forefront of the food industry, said Singapore Chefs Association vice-president Angelo Sanelli.

'Some people just see Singapore as hawker centres and nothing else, but we competed against seasoned champions in Europe and won,' said Mr Sanelli.

'We're setting the trend now,' he added.

The Singapore team will return on Sunday morning at 7am on flight SQ 346, and members of the public are invited to welcome them home.

Hail to the chefs: Mr Edward Voon, The Oriental Singapore; Ms Jasmine Ng, Tourism Academy@Sentosa; Mr Ivan Yeo, Equinox Complex; Ms Nicole Wong, Swissotel The Stamford; Mr Yen Koh, Givaudan; Mr Ron Ng Choon Kiat, Equinox Complex; and Mr Tan Lai Hong, Mount Elizabeth Hospital.

from The Straits Times Interactive
Nov 25, 2005

MUST READ - S'pore-Malaysia ties: When words get in the way

MALAYSIANS who find Singapore largely congenial and who have settled here - I'm talking about myself, yes, but also half a dozen others whose names I'd happily reveal if subpoenaed - find the whole subject of Singapore-Malaysia relations enormously tiresome when it comes up, say, at dinner parties.

My usual response is subtle.

In the manner of Roger Moore, I have become adept at communicating turbulent, complex emotions with my eyebrows: a mixture of melancholy, cunning, boredom, and that sensation of wanting to abandon one's espresso and flee.

Sometimes, this is sufficiently eloquent to get the subject changed to something less controversial, such as the Question of Palestine, or the nature of God, but sometimes, as my wife is fond of reminding me, eyebrows just aren't enough.

Actual speech must begin at this point, and therein, I submit, lies the whole problem.

My pet theory on Cross-Straits Tensions, which I will now divulge without my usual recompense of a bourgeois dinner, is that while the actual issues are no doubt inherently complex, things are made additionally irksome because the leaders of Singapore and Malaysia use language in very different ways, and each party finds the other's style alien and offensive.
(Before I continue, possibly invoking the wrath of various important people who have proper jobs, I should admit that I'm merely a playwright, and therefore have as much credibility in an Asian society as, say, a scoop of washing powder, or a sleeping dog. I do, however, spend a lot of time making mental notes on how people speak so that I can reproduce it in a play and earn a living thereby, so I'm not wholly unqualified to talk about this.)

Simply put, the problem is that Malaysian political speech is hardly ever straightforward and often playful, while Singaporean political speech is always direct and hardly ever ironic.

Even when they're all speaking English, they're effectively speaking different languages.

In Kuala Lumpur, someone reading or hearing an utterance of any sort by a Malaysian politician automatically and subconsciously adjusts it for context to arrive at its real significance. Nothing is assumed to mean exactly what it says.

To wit: If something were said while addressing an annual party conference, it would sound more ethnically chauvinist than the speaker might really be; if it were said in response to a question by a foreign journalist, it would sound more belligerent than the speaker actually feels; if it were said to a local journalist, it would sound more confident than circumstances might warrant.

If something is flatly denied, it's probably at least partially true, and everyone understands both that it's true and that it's necessary to deny it.

If an accusation isn't addressed at all, it's probably false, but is occasionally true. If an accusation is met with the threat of legal action, it's probably true, but is occasionally false.

A comment about religion is almost always understood to be about secular power struggles.

A seemingly irresponsible and outrageous remark is generally accepted as the product of a sardonic sense of humour that doesn't come across in print.

Delivery and tone of voice are so important: a gentle lilt leading up to the sting; a slow, damning drawl; a razor-sharp quip.

On certain occasions, of course, an irresponsible and outrageous remark can indicate a lack of preparedness, or, if it was said between 4 and 5pm, a low blood-sugar level on the part of the speaker. These things are understood.

Language in Malaysian political culture is a joyful, vibrant, colourful thing. The most inflammatory assertions and the most flamboyant metaphors are reserved for opponents and issues of consequence; if something is dealt with simply and directly, it can't be of any importance.

In short, a Malaysian listening to a Malaysian political figure - whether from the government or the opposition - knows instinctively to compensate for the hyperbole, to pay attention to understatement, to grasp the indirect reference, to discount the obviously rhetorical, and to revel in the ironies.

Malaysians simply do not take each other literally, and do not expect to be taken literally. Indeed, taking things too literally is a social gaffe: If inadvertent, it reveals a lack of sophistication; if deliberate, a lack of manners.

In Singapore, however, ambiguity and rhetorical flights of fancy have no place. The culture of official communication values precision, directness and economical delivery. So ministerial statements are always measured, unflashy, thought through; can you think of one that hasn't been?

Bombast is absent, as are whimsy and repartee. Everyone's been briefed; off-the-cuff remarks emerge in complete paragraphs.

Even the jokes of Singapore ministers are always carefully signalled as such in press reports, lest there be misunderstanding. Clarity is key; oratorical flourishes are suspect.

Singaporeans expect to be taken at face value, and in return, they take others at face value; they cannot conceive of having to not take someone at face value in order to communicate effectively.

Looking back at the past decade or so, it seems to me that when the important people of the two countries have talked about important things, a tragic disconnect has sometimes occurred.
In the most extreme, unfortunate cases, substantive disagreements have been needlessly worsened because Singaporeans have taken Malaysian statements as evidence of aggression, irrationality, and mendacity, while Malaysians have unfairly interpreted Singaporean speech as inflexibility, belligerence, and gracelessness.

All that's past, we're told. Relations, they say, have hit a new high, and everyone's talking again. But unless we learn to celebrate our different ways of speaking, by listening carefully and trying to interpret things the way another person from the speaker's country would, talking might turn out to be less of a solution than a problem.

And for those of us who have a deep affection for both nations, we would have to remain in strained silence, refusing to comment, distress written all over our eyebrows, plain for all to see.

Huzir Sulaiman

The Straits Times Interactive, 4 November 2005

Playwright Huzir Sulaiman is a joint artistic director of Checkpoint Theatre and is the 2005 National University of Singapore-Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences/ The Arts House Writing Fellow. A collection of his work, Eight Plays, is published by Silverfish Books.



A MATTER OF STYLE
Malaysians simply do not take each other literally, and do not expect to be taken literally. Indeed, taking things too literally is a social gaffe: If inadvertent, it reveals a lack of sophistication; if deliberate, a lack of manners. In Singapore, however, ambiguity and rhetorical flights of fancy have no place. The culture of official communication values precision, directness and economical delivery.

Teen poet wins 2nd global prize

Amanda Chong's piece on starving kids wins top British award; she clinched Commonwealth essay prize last year

MOST of us have heard this meal-time mantra: 'Finish your food. Children are starving in Africa.' But Amanda Chong, 16, not only finished her food, she also wrote an award-winning poem about the hungry children as well.

She is one of 15 winners and the only one from Asia to win this year's Foyle Young Poets of the Year Award, Britain's most prestigious poetry prize for young writers between the ages of 11 and 17.

The winners were chosen from almost 6,000 entries worldwide.

'The awards ceremony was great because I got to meet the other winners from different parts of the world and many of them like the same poets as I do,' said Amanda, of the Oct 9 event in London.

Winning international awards is not new to the Secondary 4 student of Raffles Girls' School.
Last year, she won the annual Commonwealth Essay Competition with a short story: What The Modern Woman Wants. It focused on the conflict in values between an old woman and her independent-minded daughter.

Her poem, How To Watch A Child Die, is about 'our apathy towards global problems, and the strange ability of people in developed countries (like ours), to dismiss these issues after a cursory glance', she told The Sunday Times.

Poet George Szirtes, one of the two judges in this year's competition, said Amanda's poem was picked because 'it seemed to us a passionate, yet controlled, precise and impressively mature work.' He added: 'A point of view, however sympathetic, does not constitute a poem. Language does, and here, we felt, language, music, intelligence and feeling had come together most productively.'

The poem was partially inspired by pictures of hungry children in Africa as well as a school trip to Britain and France, where Amanda learnt about the Industrial Revolution.

'There was a strong sense of apathy during the Industrial Revolution towards child labour and that sort of apathy remains till today,' she said.

Human rights, fair trade and the environment are among Amanda's pet causes. Her interest in world issues and her love for reading and writing were nurtured at a young age by her lawyer father. 'My dad would tell us stories. He would also summarise world events for us so we knew what was going on,' said the second of four children.

'I started writing fantasy stories at age six, before I could even spell properly,' she added. Her favourite authors and poets include Victor Hugo, T.S. Eliot, Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes.

Her mother, housewife Alison Chong, 44, admits some of her daughter's poetry are, on the first reading, Greek to her. 'If I ask her what she means, she rolls her eyes,' said Mrs Chong.

Her English and literature teacher, Miss Ng Siew Luan, 30, said: 'She's very socially aware and her simple style belies a deeper message that is able to strike at the heart of her readers.'

As for her future, Amanda wants to read law at Oxford or Cambridge University in England. 'I want to work with an international organisation like the United Nations. Hopefully, through policy-making, I can help make a difference.'



HOW TO WATCH A CHILD DIE
- By Amanda Chong

Avert your gaze from his eyes,
even if they plead for you to be drawn to their depths.
Instead focus on his sallow complexion the sun crawling on his aged skin,
the colour of the well-trodden carpet in your living room;
the spot where your son once threw his football boots
and you missed bleachingfor the past few years.

Do not try to guess his age
or say he is older than he looks as you study his brittle bones,
too-large headand the empty basket of his ribcage.
Think instead of the sound they may make when his body is thrown into a ditch;
the sound of rain whipping through branches, the crackling of a creek before thaw
or your antique vase crashing into smithereens from its place on the mantelpiece.

Turn away from the blank faces of your own children
and make no associations.
Pretend you do not notice how your teenager leaves her food uneaten on her plate.
(Convince yourself you are not an escapist) After all,
this skeletal child is merely a marionette in a macabre fairytale.

Now, ignore the queasy feeling in your stomach
as you get up to dish out the dessert.
Resolve to write to the authorities to complain
for showing such disturbing footage during dinner.
Be blind to the broken birds of the child's hands as they reach out pleading to be held,
the rolling whites of his eyes, the bruised animals of his lips, parting, as he takes his last...

Turn off the television set.
Children should not know that (in some very remote parts of the world)
they may die before their mothers.

Melissa Sim
The Sunday Times @ The Straits Times Interactive, 30 October 2005

Keystone Symposia - World's top scientists meeting here

ONE of the world's most prestigious scientific meetings has landed on Singapore shores, the first time it is being held outside the United States.

LEADING LIGHTS: Experts, such as Dr Irving Weissman and Dr Suzanne Cory, are here for the prestigious Keystone Symposia, held for the first time outside the US.

Starting today, the five-day Keystone Symposia features international big names in stem cell and cancer research. About 500 scientists and doctors from the US, Europe and Asia are here to exchange ideas and network with the best in the field.

With experts such as Dr Irving Weissman, director of the Institute for Cancer/Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at the Stanford University School of Medicine, and Dr Suzanne Cory, director of The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, it had scientists the world over scrambling to attend. In fact, organisers had to turn down about 200 hopefuls.

The goal of the meeting is to explore the links between stem cell biology, ageing and cancer.
Stem cells can reproduce indefinitely and can potentially turn into very different tissues.

Interestingly, cancer cells have been found to resemble stem cells, with their indefinite growth and very primitive appearance. But while stem cells are highly organised and controlled, their cancerous counterparts are chaotic and in total disarray. So the idea is that if researchers can learn to control the inner workings of stem cells, they could in turn reverse the process in cancer cells and devise better treatments for cancer.

That the prestigious conference is being held here is a sign that Singapore - with its focus on both cancer and stem cell research - has achieved a significant level of international recognition.
Keystone Symposia CEO James Aiken said: 'Singapore has distinguished itself as an international biomedical hub.'

Some of the biggest corporate names and individual stars in biomedical science are here, he said, and high quality scientific manpower is complemented by state-of-the-art research facilities, good funding and a strong regulatory infrastructure.

Explaining the decision to move the conference here, he added: 'This steadfast commitment and international appeal makes Singapore an obvious choice.'

The executive director of the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) and one of the meeting's co-organisers, Professor Edison Liu, said: 'Having the meeting here means a lot on the international scale; it means that we have arrived at a certain level of credibility.'

Progress in the field is still incremental, he cautioned, and it would still be years before stem cells would be used to treat cancer in the clinical setting.

The conference, apart from being a melting pot of ideas, would also be a good chance to highlight Singaporean science to the international community, he added.

One of the speakers who will highlight work being done here is Dr Lena Motoda, who is doing her PhD at the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology. Her research involves studying the relationship between leukaemia and stem cells.

Dr Ng Huck Hui of GIS will describe his work on mapping the control network of the master switches that maintain stem cell characteristics.

All in all, a good showing for Singapore.

On the international front are people like Dr Elizabeth Blackburn, a leader in the area of telomeres - the structures at the ends of chromosomes, and telomerase - an enzyme which prevents chromosomal fraying. Telomerases are essential for stem cell function and also important in maintaining the cancer state.

A professor at the University of California, San Francisco, her latest work has uncovered new findings about how telomerase is giving cancer cells stem-cell-like properties, and how this could lead to better targets in the fight against cancer.

Chang Ai-Lien
The Straits Times Interactive, 25 October 2005

Singapore team produces early alert cancer test

Breakthrough kit warns of disease years before tumour appears

A RESEARCH team here has developed a new, accurate cancer test kit, which can give warning signs of the disease years before the first physical signs appear by detecting minute chemical changes in a patient's DNA.

The Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) team, which counts top-notch Japanese cancer researcher Professor Yoshiaki Ito as its adviser, has been working with electronics giant Hitachi on the joint project since April last year.Hitachi is working with the team to take the kit to the marketplace, to grab a slice of the growing cancer diagnostics market, valued at S$110 million this year and which is projected to rise to S$185 million by 2008.

Their kit works by looking at minute changes in the chemical letters, A T C and G, that make up DNA. In some cancers, C - which refers to the chemical cytosine - undergoes a chemical change that alters its molecular structure.

Scientists are not quite sure why this happens, but believe lifestyle and environmental factors could trigger it.

Normally, DNA is fairly resilient: genes control and regulate the expression of proteins and the body is able to suppress the dangerous genetic changes which can lead to cancer. But, in some cancer cases, when cytosine undergoes the specific chemical change - methylation - the controller genes lose the ability to produce the correct proteins to prevent tumours.

Lead researcher Masafumi Inoue explained: 'Think of it as shutting down your body's innate surveillance system.'

'There is no more controlling influence. It is not only one gene, but several genes which are silenced when this change occurs.'

Gastric cancer, for one, is heavily correlated with DNA methylation, he said. And the molecular changes happen years before any physical symptoms appear.

The conventional method of screening for DNA methylation is laborious, examines only few genes at a time, and can be inaccurate. So, together with Hitachi, the IMCB team has devised a test kit which examines multiple areas, or targets, at one go.

The breakthrough test kit is not the only reason to cheer for IMCB. Its head, cancer research trailblazer Sir David Lane, has won a prestigious international award. The Sergio Lombroso prize, awarded once every two years, went to the scientist known worldwide for his role in discovering the p53 gene three decades ago.

Another leading cancer scientist here, Professor Axel Ullrich, who heads Singapore's Onco Genome Laboratory, has also been lauded. He has been given the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business European BioBusiness Leadership Award, for developing cutting-edge therapies for diabetes and breast cancer.

Natalie Soh
The Straits Times Interactive, 17 October 2005

Why the casino will always win

Casinos exist to make profits, they do so from patrons who place bets on various games that are offered. Yet many casino patrons are relatively uninformed about the games they are playing.

When you go to a cinema, you know how much you pay for your entertainment. When you go to a casino, you do not know how much you will win or lose - it will depend on the spin of a wheel, the turn of a card.

But you should expect to lose, and you should know how much to expect to lose, because this information is available through a quantity known as the house margin or house edge.

Every bet made at the casino has a house margin. Suppose the house margin for a particular bet is 2 per cent. This means that if you place this bet many times, you will lose about 2 per cent of the total amount of money you wagered.

For a more concrete example, suppose a friend offers you the following $1 bet on the toss of a coin. If the coin lands on heads you lose your $1. If the coin lands on tails you get back your original $1 wager and receive $0.50 profit. Assuming the coin is fair, so that both heads and tails are equally likely, the house margin for this bet is 25 per cent. If you play this game 100 times, your total wager is $100, and you can anticipate losing about $25. The actual amount you lose may be greater or less than $25 depending on how the coin falls.

Suppose now that your friend offers you a different bet: You still lose if the coin lands heads, but if the coin lands on tails you now get a profit of $0.98. The house margin for this bet is 1 per cent. If you play this game 100 times, you can anticipate losing about $1, though again the actual amount you lose may be greater or less than $1. If you are lucky you may see a profit, but this becomes less likely the more you play.

The two bets outlined lead to the observation that, in percentage terms, you can anticipate paying less money at the casino if you place bets with lower house margins. Lower house margins are to your advantage; they will cost you less because you can anticipate a higher proportion of your total wager being returned. For the same level of entertainment, a lower house margin provides a better deal for patrons.

Let's consider the house margins for roulette, Sic Bo (Tai Sai), baccarat, craps and blackjack.


Roulette

THE roulette wheels typically used in Europe and Australia have 37 slots or pockets. A ball is spun into the wheel and comes to rest in one of the slots. Bets can be placed based on the outcome of the spin. We assume here that the roulette wheel is fair and the ball is equally likely to land in any of the 37 slots.

The wheel has 18 red slots and 18 black slots. The remaining slot, denoted by the numeral 0, is typically coloured green. Consider betting $1 on the outcome that the ball lands in a red slot. If this occurs, your bet wins, and the casino pays you even money, which means that you get $2; your $1 wager and $1 profit. On the other hand, if the ball lands in a black or green slot, you lose your $1 wager. The green slot gives the casino the advantage, because the ball will more likely land in one of the 19 black/green slots than in one of the 18 red slots. This gives the casino a house margin of 2.70 per cent. If you make this bet 100 times, you can expect the cost of playing to be $2.70, though the actual amount that you lose may be greater or less than $2.70.

The money that the casino pays out on winning roulette bets is calculated so that whatever bet you make, the house margin is always 2.70 per cent. If you spend a long time at the roulette table, expect it to cost you 2.70 per cent of the total amount of money you wager. An American roulette wheel has an additional slot denoted by 00. This additional slot favours the casino; the house margin for American roulette is 5.26 per cent.


Sic Bo

Sic Bo is a dice game which is also known by the names 'Tai Sai' or 'Big and Small'. Different bets can be placed based on the values obtained by three dice. Unlike roulette, different bets give different house margins. The bet known as 'Big' wins if the sum of the three dice is 11 or greater, with the exception that the bet loses if the three dice all show the same number. The exception gives the casino the advantage. For a winning bet on 'Big' the casino pays you even money. Without the exception, losing or winning the bet would be equally likely. With the exception, a loss is more likely than a win. The house margin for the bet 'Big' is 2.78 per cent.

The bet known as 'Small' is a bet on the sum of the three dice being 10 or less, again with the exception that the bet loses if the three dice all show the same number. The house margin is again 2.78 per cent.

Another possibility is to place a bet on all three dice being equal to six. On average this will happen only once in every 216 occasions. For a $1 wager, a winning bet on this very unlikely event means that the casino gives you $180 profit, resulting in an unfavourable house margin of 16.20 per cent. Some casinos give you only $150 profit, which results in a hugely unfavourable house margin of 30.09 per cent.

The house margins of 2.78 and 16.20 per cent are typically the lowest and highest house margins of all bets that can be made at the game of Sic Bo. This means that if you spend a long time playing Sic Bo, expect it to cost you between 2.78 and 16.20 per cent of the total amount of money you wager, with the precise percentage depending on the type of bets that you make.


Baccarat

Baccarat is a card game where the 'player' plays against the 'banker'. Neither the player nor banker makes any decision that influences the outcome of the game, which is completely determined by the order of the cards.

There are three outcomes: a player win, a banker win or a tie. A version of the game known as mini-baccarat has the same rules, payouts and house margins. The only difference is that mini-baccarat is typically faster, and therefore more bets are made in any given period.

You may bet on the banker to win the card game. If the player then wins the card game, you lose the bet. If there is a tie the wager is returned to you. Similarly, if you make a bet on the player, the bet loses if the banker wins, and the wager is returned if there is a tie. A $1 winning bet on the player pays even money and therefore gives you a $1 profit, whereas a $1 winning bet on the banker typically gives you a $0.95 profit. Usually the game is played with eight decks of cards, in which case the house margins immediately after a card shuffle are 1.06 per cent for betting on the banker and 1.24 per cent for betting on the player. You may also be able to bet on a tie, but this bet is unfavourable and is best avoided.

In a series of games the house margins may be slightly different, but these values are an accurate approximation, assuming that you do not keep track of the cards that have been dealt in previous rounds of play.

A skilled player may use this information to decrease the house margins, but only by small amounts.

Some casinos also offer a variation of the game where a winning $1 bet on the banker pays a $1 profit unless the banker's winning hand has a value of six, in which case you get a $0.50 profit. Under this variation, the house margin for betting on the banker increases to 1.46 per cent.


Craps

Craps is a dice game where each round consists of rolling two dice one or more times. The dice are rolled by casino patrons, and the value of the roll is the sum of the two dice. There are numerous possible bets that can be placed, and they have different house margins. I will consider one popular bet which is synonymous with the game of craps.

The first roll in each round is known as the come out roll. If the come out roll is 7 or 11, the bet wins. If the come out roll is 2, 3 or 12, the bet loses. If any other number is rolled, this number is known as the point. The two dice are then rolled until either the point or a seven is rolled; in the former case the bet wins, while in the latter case the bet loses. A winning bet pays even money. The casino again gets the advantage because a loss is more likely than a win. The house margin for this bet is 1.41 per cent.

Assumptions
A question that is often asked is whether the house margins for these games can be altered. The calculation of the house margins are based on mathematical results that cannot be challenged.

However, the calculations are also based on assumptions about the game and these assumptions can be challenged. For example, in Sic Bo, one assumption is that all three dice are fair, so that each of the six numbers on each die are equally likely to appear. If the dice were unfair, then the house margin would not be as given here. It seems reasonable to assume that the dice in Sic Bo are fair.

Suppose that you play one of the four games described above and you accept that the assumptions on which these house margins are based are reasonable. The assumptions include fair die rolls, well-shuffled cards and fair roulette wheels. These house margins are then fixed. Whatever choices you make, you cannot change these house margins and you cannot make any decisions which will affect them.

However, there are casino games for which you can affect the house margins. One of the most popular is blackjack.

Blackjack is very different to any of the games above, because you have to make decisions during the game, and the decisions you make can affect whether you win or lose. To analyse such games, we need to know in advance what the player intends to do. Suppose that before the game begins, the player decides on exactly what decisions he or she will make under any given circumstances. This set of decisions is known as the player strategy. Once the player strategy is known, the house margin can be approximated.

Assuming that the player does not keep track of the cards that have been dealt in previous rounds, the strategy that achieves the minimum house margin is known as the Basic Strategy. The game of blackjack has many different variations in the rules implemented by different casinos, and the Basic Strategy depends on the exact rules that are implemented. Moreover, the different rules mean that different house margins can be obtained at different casinos.

For most casinos, the house margins that can be obtained under the Basic Strategy are between 0.4 and 0.6 per cent. But these house margins can only be obtained if the player makes no errors in playing the Basic Strategy. In practice, errors may be made and the house margins will then be larger.

While the house margin gives you valuable information about the bet you are making, it does not tell you everything. For example, placing 100 $1 bets on red at a roulette table is not the same as placing 10 $10 bets on red, and yet in both cases we have the same house margin, at 2.70 per cent, and the total wager is the same.

For both of these scenarios, you expect to lose 2.70 per cent of $100, or $2.70, though the amount you actually lose may be greater or less than $2.70.

The difference lies in the statistical concept of variation. For 100 $1 bets, the amount you actually lose will typically be closer to $2.70 than for 10 $10 bets because there is less variation, and therefore less risk involved.

The house margins tell you how much money you can expect to lose.

It is easy to forget that casino house margins are percentages, and this has an important consequence: The more money you gamble, the more money you can expect to lose.

Alec Stephenson
for The Straits Times Interactive, 17 October 2005

The writer is an assistant professor of statistics at the National University of Singapore.

Nurturing science, Singapore-style

When some of the world's top scientists and policy-makers met in Kyoto recently, they gave Singapore high marks for creating a science-friendly environment that makes cutting-edge research possible.

TIRED and battle-weary, Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi no doubt felt butterflies in his stomach as the final votes of the country's snap elections were counted out on Sept 11. Yet, poised as he was on the precipice of his career, he chose to spend those critical hours in the company of Nobel laureates, top scientists, policy-makers and opinion leaders from all over the world.

They were there for the second annual Science and Technology in Society forum at the invitation of Japan's former science and technology minister Koji Omi, a member of its House of Representatives.

Held in Kyoto, the forum has been called the scientific equivalent of Davos, the think-tank session of world leaders held annually in Switzerland.

The goal was to discuss the challenges facing mankind, and to explore the proper application of science and technology to address them. The aim - to ensure the survival of the human race.

'These issues have a global reach and cannot be solved by a single country,' Mr Koizumi told the 500-strong audience of scientists and policy-makers from over 60 countries. His words resonated with many.

Singapore a model
WHILE there was consensus on the key problems - such as the need for renewable energy sources, common international rules for bioethics, universal access to education and a global system for intellectual property rights - agreement on the best solutions was more elusive.

The concern was whether governments would be able to execute such large-scale plans. Would there be political will, scientific leadership and societal acceptance of the costs?

This was when another observation became progressively apparent: tiny Singapore was becoming a model for how science can provide solutions for problems confronting society.

Genome Institute of Singapore head Edison Liu told The Sunday Times: 'I truly believe that science and technology, if managed carefully, are the only solution to the problems of human expansion in the world.

'And Singapore is an example of how to do this, both for developing and developed countries.'
Professor Liu, an American, was director of the Division of Clinical Sciences at the US National Cancer Institute before he joined Singapore's biomedical efforts.

Take the example of infectious diseases that recognise no borders. While many countries are still grappling with how to combat the bird flu outbreaks threatening to turn into the next flu pandemic, Singapore already has detailed action plans in place, ranging from stockpiling drugs to being on standby to cull all fowl here.

It is also a regional leader in bird flu research, with companies and research institutes working to produce effective vaccines and diagnostic kits, to shore up defences against the disease.

Prof Liu was part of a Singapore contingent which included Professor John Wong, vice-president of research and life sciences at the National University of Singapore, Japanese-born cancer specialist Yoshiaki Ito of the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Singapore's biomedical sciences architect Philip Yeo.

No doubt, scientific efforts here are very young, and only time will tell if they will bear fruit. But the foundations - fair, transparent regulations, solid research infrastructure and an increasing pool of human talent - are being laid.

Delegates from larger nations noted the Singaporean signature of speed and efficiency with which it has addressed some of the problems being discussed. For example, the Republic was highlighted for its science-friendly stem cell regulations.

Embryonic stem cells show such promise because they can transform into any cell that an ailing body needs, and could potentially cure a host of debilitating diseases, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and cancer.

Emerging contenders
SINGAPORE and South Korea were touted as emerging contenders in such research, gaining a foothold in an area where traditional leaders such as the United States have fallen behind because of prohibitive restrictions.

Some openly marvelled at how life sciences had emerged with a flourish over the last few years.

'I believe biotechnology in Singapore is the centre of such research in Asia,' said Mr Omi, the forum's organiser. 'I have been very impressed with all that has been done.'

Mr Omi acted on his compliments: he recruited Mr Yeo to be a founding member of the forum, and was the championing force in Japan behind Singapore's most ambitious research tie-up yet - an extensive agreement between the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star) and Japanese scientific giant Riken, with possible collaborations to develop anti-cancer drugs and cultivate screening methods and rapid diagnosis for infectious diseases.

Mr Yeo, A*Star's chairman, was a prominent figure at the Kyoto event. And at a plenary session he chaired, he was characteristically forthright when he declared that the most important assets were human.

'The key limiting factor to continued economic growth for all modern nations will be the availability of highly educated and trained science and technology human capital,' he said.

Finding the right human talent has been his preoccupation, and as bright young Singaporeans are being trained, the foreign stars of the scientific community here have made all the difference.

There is a reason why the same names currently representing science here are heard again and again. They have made it internationally, and they are now trying to help Singapore pull ahead.

Professor Yoshiyuki Sakaki, director of Riken's Genomic Sciences Centre, said that Singapore was brought to his attention when Prof Ito, one of Japan's top cancer researchers, moved here from the University of Kyoto with his research team three years ago. 'That was when a lot of us first recognised what was going on in Singapore,' he said.

He continued with the accolades by highlighting an ambitious initiative started 'under the great leadership' of Prof Liu last year, which has brought together hundreds of Asian scientists to paint a detailed genetic picture of Asia.

They hope that this collective effort to map out the genetic variations between races can form the basis for future studies seeking to understand why some people are more prone to diseases.
The Asian-centric nature of this initiative is novel. This project 'is going well, and it is a great model of how Asian scientists can collaborate', said Prof Sakaki.

There are also increasing signs that the Republic is gaining clout in this global scientific brotherhood. The Genome Institute of Singapore, for example, has already garnered more than $9 million in funding from international sources, including the US National Institutes of Health - well-known for its rigorous funding criteria.

Mr Yeo described one key strategy in attracting and retaining such talent: through 'the investment in physical infrastructure and establishing a total environment that is conducive to intellectual pursuits, and that is attractive and appealing'.

He has led the creation of the Biopolis, the $500 million complex in Buona Vista for biomedical research. Then there is the future Fusionpolis in Ayer Rajah, the multi-million-dollar complex that will house infocommunications and media research. Each was designed to encourage interdisciplinary and integrated research.

Indeed, he has done so much for local science and technology efforts that one scientist, on spotting him at the forum, jokingly referred to him as the 'secret leader of Singapore'.

And despite occasional controversies, the record is impressive. According to last year's National R&D Survey, there are 765 companies involved in research and development in Singapore, and more than $15 billion in revenue was reported from sales of their products or licensing of new technologies last year.

Output doubles
BIOMEDICAL manufacturing output has also doubled in just four years so that the 2005 target of $12 billion was surpassed last year, a year ahead of schedule.

Employment in biomedical manufacturing and R&D is booming, with 9,000 people employed in the industry last year, a figure which the Economic Development Board hopes to grow to 15,000 by 2015.

About two in three researchers in A*Star's public institutions are foreigners.

Since 1991, the Government has committed $12 billion to science and technology, over three five-year plans. But recognising the importance of putting more resources into shaping the economy through R&D, it will commit that figure over the next five years alone.

The Kyoto forum was a good place for Singapore to assess the plans of other nations.

Said the ever-practical Mr Yeo: 'We are the youngest member compared to other countries, and we are here to learn from the senior people.'

Having said that, it was as likely that other countries also learnt from Singapore.

Chang Ai-Lien
Think, The Sunday Times @ The Straits Times Interactive, 9 October 2005

From Texas, USA : Thank you, Singapore

GUESS WHO WATCHES OVER U.S. CITIZENS

We are Houston-area residents who were affected by Hurricane Rita recently. Fortunately we were spared the hurricane's wrath.

We received a phone call on Sunday morning from the Singapore Embassy in Washington DC checking on our welfare, and we are so grateful that we felt we had to let Singaporeans know what an awesome government they have.

Our relatives in Singapore had contacted the embassy for assistance when we lost contact during the mass evacuation. And while we remain safe, we now feel even more secure knowing that another capable government is watching out for us.

Mike & Phyllis Toombs, Texas, USA
STForum, The Straits Times Interactive, 29 September 2005

S'pore moves up to 6th spot in WEF ranking

It climbs up a rung in competitiveness table, thanks to top-notch economic governance

SINGAPORE'S top-notch economic management has propelled the Republic one place higher to sixth spot in a closely watched ranking of global competitiveness conducted by the Geneva-based World Economic Forum (WEF).

Finland, which grabbed the top position from the United States two years ago, was No. 1 in the world again this year.

The US was No. 2 again, followed by Sweden and Denmark. Among Asian markets, only Taiwan did better than Singapore, coming in at No. 5. And one of Singapore's long-standing economic rivals, Hong Kong, slumped seven spots to 28th this year.

Singapore got a big lift this year from scoring No. 1 in the macroeconomic environment index rank, which looks at the way the overall economy and its institutions are run.

The WEF compiled the rankings based on hard data and a survey of nearly 11,000 business leaders in 117 economies.

Singapore came in tenth in the macroeconomic stability sub-index, but was No. 1 in terms of minimising government waste. In terms of its country credit rating, Singapore came in at No. 15.
The Republic scored highly in terms of the way its public institutions are run, coming in at fourth place. On the issue of the reliability of legal contracts and the legal system generally, it took fifth spot. In terms of a corruption-free environment, Singapore was third in the world, while in the area of technology, it did also well at No. 10.

A parallel business competitiveness index found Singapore to be in the fifth place, up from tenth position last year.

'The Nordic countries have consolidated their position at the top of the league,' said the WEF's chief economist, Mr Augusto Lopez-Claros. 'The main reason is these countries enjoy very good management. They do not have fiscal problems like France, Germany or Italy,' he told reporters. Faced with an ageing population, Nordic countries are reforming now in order to maintain their welfare systems, he said.

In Asia, after Taiwan and Singapore, the next Asian economy was Japan, which dropped three rungs to 12th position. This reflected Japan's relatively poor macroeconomic performance, particularly in terms of its management of public finances, said the WEF.

'Taiwan and Singapore are economies that, through sustained good policies over the past few decades, have lifted their citizens from poverty, joining the ranks of the most prosperous and competitive economies in the world,' the think-tank noted.

Meanwhile, China dropped three ranks to 49th place, while India moved up five places to 50th position.

Narendra Aggarwal
The Straits Times Interactive, 29 September 2005

Team Singapore sails into top 4

SINGAPORE sailors have caught up with the leaders after a poor start in a round-the-world yacht race.

THE GREAT SINGAPORE SAIL: On a high now after catching up with the leading yachts, the Singapore clipper crew takes a breather while doing last-minute checks at Cascais in Portugal yesterday before sailing for Salvador in Brazil on the second leg of the 10-month race.

Forty-eight hours after setting sail from Liverpool, England, they were trailing last.

But five days later, when the first leg of the race ended in Portugal, they had left six other teams behind to come in fourth.

Team member David Beevers said: 'The whole team is on a real high. We had a really bad start because when we hit the Irish Sea, more than half the team became sea-sick.'

They had never been at sea for more than two days at a stretch before the race, he added. He was speaking to The Straits Times from Portugal yesterday, just hours before he was due to set off again.

The Clipper 05-06 race will take competitors 50,000km around the world with stops in South Africa, Australia, China, Japan and Singapore.

Mr Beevers, a 45-year-old Singapore permanent resident, quit his job as the senior director of business operations at Suntec Singapore International Convention & Exhibition Centre and paid $94,000 to join the race.

'The voyage from Liverpool to Portugal took us seven days,' he said.
It was seven days with no showers - just baby wipes - food out of tins, and no more than six hours of sleep at a stretch.

Mr Beevers, who used to race boats professionally about 25 years ago, said that sharing a small space with up to 18 people is also not easy. 'It's very stressful and we all have our moods, and ups and downs.'

Singapore has a team of 38 crew members, some of whom will be replacing others during the 10-month race.

Karamjit Kaur
The Straits Times Interactive, 29 September 2005

Singaporean hon fellow of IEE

NTU don is 1st S'porean to gain engineering society honours. NANYANG Technological University deputy president Er Meng Hwa is the first Singaporean to be made an honorary fellow of the renowned Institution of Electrical Engineers.


He follows in the footsteps of telephone inventor Alexander Graham Bell in becoming a fellow of the London-based institution, Europe's largest professional engineering society.

Only one or two honorary fellowships are awarded each year.

Professor Er, 49, was chosen for his work in engineering research and education. He contributed to the growth of the school as dean of NTU's School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering from 1996 to May this year. The number of academic staff at the school has increased from about 100 in 1996 to 270, making it one of the largest worldwide. Under Prof Er's watch, the number of PhD and master's students grew from about 100 to 700.

Prof Er has been at NTU for about 20 years, and published more than 240 papers in international journals and conferences.

He is on the boards of organisations such as DSO National Laboratories and SP PowerGrid. IEE president John O'Reilly said he helped strengthen NTU's 'research expertise in a number of leading-edge technology areas'. He has also helped develop NTU's research facilities and forged ties with leading international partners.

Prof Er received his award at a ceremony in London yesterday.

Even though engineering is becoming less popular among students here, he said it 'will continue to provide the core technology for many innovations and inventions, including life sciences'.

HO AI LI
The Straits Times Interactive, 15 September 2005

Seawater fit for drinking now a reality

PM hails milestone in history of S'pore's water supply' . Water from the sea that is safe to drink and affordable.

OPENING TOAST: In tune with the celebratory mood, fireworks lit up the sky over Tuas as Mr Lee completed a tour of the plant with (from left) PUB chairman Tan Gee Paw, Environment and Water Resources Minister Yaacob Ibrahim and Hyflux's Ms Lum. The bottles have labels saying "Desal H2O". -- Photo by TERENCE TAN

That is now a reality, and in record time too, with yesterday's opening of the first plant in Singapore to turn seawater into drinking water.

Before some 600 guests, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong turned on the tap at the desalination plant in Tuas, one of the world's largest. Built by homegrown water-treatment firm Hyflux, it was finished just 20 months after construction began in January last year, and three months ahead of schedule. Its opening is a milestone in the history of Singapore's water supply, Mr Lee said.

Over the next few days, the purified seawater will flow to homes and businesses in the west after it is mixed with water from reservoirs. The $200-million plant can meet up to 10 per cent of Singapore's daily water needs. Its energy-efficient design allows it to supply desalinated water at one of the cheapest rates in the world: 78 cents per cubic metre, about half the cost elsewhere.

Desalination is the fourth national tap in Singapore's plan to ensure it does not become too reliant on any one source for water. The other three taps are local reservoirs, water from Johor and NEWater. With all four national taps flowing, Mr Lee said Singapore will have a 'diversified, reliable and cost-effective supply of water'.

He also announced an investment of S$1.5 billion over the next two years to further develop water infrastructure through projects such as the Marina Bay reservoir and NEWater factories. A smiling Mr Lee led dozens of MPs in a toast as they held aloft small bottles labelled 'Desal H2O'. It was reminiscent of scenes from three years ago, when Singapore also took a giant stride towards self-sufficency in water supply with the launch of NEWater.

Earlier, Mr Lee spoke of how far Singapore had come in tackling its water challenge. He put it down to the determination and ingenuity of its people. All Singaporeans did their part over the years to conserve and make the most of water resources.

'We must continue to work together to secure our future water needs. For Singapore, water will always be a strategic resource, and not just an economic commodity,' he said. But this vulnerability also became a strength, as the water industry grew into a dynamic part of the economy.

Hyflux, which started out as a small-scale water treatment company, has built its capabilities through research and development (R&D) and is now expanding overseas. Others, such as Keppel Engineering, SembCorp and Aromatrix Technologies, have also grown, he said. And international water firms are setting up here, to partner the Public Utilities Board in pilot R&D projects and to test new technology.

'As our water industry grows, it will not only benefit our economy and provide jobs for Singaporeans, but also give us a more robust and resilient water supply.'

Despite rising oil prices, Hyflux chief executive Olivia Lum is confident of supplying desalinated water at the same price for the next three years. This is because the firm hedged or insured itself against fuel-price hikes.

Potong Pasir opposition MP Chiam See Tong said it was good for Singapore to be less dependent on Malaysia for water: 'It will help the relationship. Both sides would be more amenable to speaking rationally rather than playing politics.'

Lydia Lim
lydia@sph.com.sg
Senior Political Correspondent
The Straits Times Interactive, 14 September 2005

Thanks for hurricane aid

AS AN American living in Singapore I want to express my heartfelt gratitude for Singapore's quick and generous response to the Hurricane Katrina disaster.

Your unselfish assistance, whether it be during last year's tsunami that was close to your shores or Katrina on the other side of the world, is commendable.

Dr Thomas Chandler
STForum, The Straits Times Interactive, 13 September 2005

Singapore becoming wellspring of water expertise

Locally gained knowledge being used to develop overseas projects.

DEEP in the recesses of a nondescript building on Singapore's Havelock Road, engineers William Yong and Alastair McNeil are hard at work designing two state-of-the-art water treatment plants. Nothing remarkable about that - except that the plants will be built not here, or even in Asia, but in the American states of Texas and Illinois.

SOPHISTICATED APPROACH : "With so many projects in Singapore that have made use of sophisticated technology, we are clearly in a position to export our expertise." MR WILLIAM YONG, local director of engineering firm Black & Veatch, with the design for the Panther Creek plant in Texas, which will be built in the US under direction from the office in Singapore. -- Photo by MUGILAN RAJASEGERAN


For years, while Singapore built its vast network of water pipelines and treatment plants, it imported expertise. Now expertise developed here is being applied to overseas projects. Buoyed by easy access to capital, a rapidly growing regional market and a Government eager to try out new technologies, Singapore is fast becoming a centre for excellence in the water industry.

Mr Yong is the local director of United States engineering firm Black & Veatch. The firm has already implemented numerous water projects in Singapore, and he says he is not surprised his company landed the US municipal contracts. 'With so many projects in Singapore that have made use of sophisticated technology, we are clearly in a position to export our expertise,' said Mr Yong.

One of the US projects, for instance, involves treating water using membranes, considered a superior technology to conventional filtration methods. 'While membrane technology is only becoming popular elsewhere now, Singapore has been using it for years,' said Mr Yong.

Black & Veatch is by no means the only firm exporting its locally acquired expertise. CH2M Hill, another American engineering firm, was chosen to help design Singapore's Deep Tunnel Sewerage System. Now it has sent project engineers from Singapore to help build a similar system in Seattle and Minnesota. The company is also aiming to capture more tunnelling and water treatment projects in Australia, Hong Kong and the US, said its director Tan Ngo Chiaw.

Local company Hyflux is another major player. Its subsidiary SingSpring just completed a desalination plant at Tuas, the largest of its kind in the world, making drinkable water out of sea water. The plant, which will be officially opened tomorrow, was designed by Black & Veatch.

Hyflux is now building other water treatment plants in China and Dubai.

Indeed, the mood in Singapore's water industry can perhaps best be described as buoyant. Membership of the Singapore Water Association has gone from 36 to 81 since its inception last December. The association provides a platform for industry players to network and share ideas and technologies.

The timing of this boom is perfect, coinciding as it does with looming threats of a global water crisis, rampant desertification and water pollution. The United Nations says 1.1 billion people - or about one in every six people worldwide - already have insufficient drinking water. And the number is likely to deteriorate to one in four by 2050.

Small wonder then that the Economic Development Board is trying to develop the industry into a key revenue spinner by helping local players spread their wings overseas and enticing foreign companies to relocate.

Siemens Water Technologies has already been convinced. It is in the process of transferring much of its technological and manufacturing expertise from the United States and Germany to Singapore. 'Asia is after all the fastest growing market in water technologies,' said the company's vice-president Jagannath Rao. 'So rather than conduct business here through our offices half a world away, we thought it made better sense to set up shop here.'

Radha Basu
radhab@sph.com.sg
The Straits Times Interactive, 12 September 2005

World's largest seawater desalination plant opens tomorrow in Tuas, Singapore

SINGAPORE'S COME A LONG WAY.

SINGAPORE'S growing clout as a water technology centre is reflected in two milestones this week: the opening of a large international conference on water technologies today, and the official opening of the world's largest seawater desalination plant at Tuas tomorrow.

Minister for the Environment and Water Resources Yaacob Ibrahim is due to open the prestigious International Desalination Association World Congress this morning. More than 600 delegates are in town for the event, which is being held in Singapore for the first time in its 20-year history.

An exhibition of new desalination technologies and projects, being held in conjunction with the conference, was opened by the Senior Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Environment and Water Resources Koo Tsai Kee last night. Fifty-eight foreign and local companies are taking part.

The Tuas desalination plant will be inaugurated by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong tomorrow.

Radha Basu
radhab@sph.com.sg
The Straits Times Interactive, 12 September 2005

HURRICANE KATRINA : S'pore copters help to dam broken levees

SINGAPORE'S Chinook helicopters are winding up a week-long relief mission in hurricane-ravaged New Orleans even as American police and army troops prepare to evacuate remaining residents by force.

PLUGGING THE GAPS: A Singapore helicopter drops sandbags to fill the breach in a damaged levee in New Orleans, one of its final vital tasks in a week-long mission. -- AP

Four Chinooks and 45 air force personnel who fly and maintain the helicopters will soon return to their training base in neighbouring Texas after the successful mission in the hurricane-ravaged city, said the Ministry of Defence last night.

Before leaving New Orleans, the Chinooks joined helicopters from the United States military and US Coast Guard for one last critical task - damming up the broken flood barriers, called levees, in New Orleans.

The helicopters are from an RSAF training detachment, codenamed Peace Prairie, which trains alongside the Texas Army National Guard. It was set up in 1995 to train RSAF personnel to fly, operate and maintain the air force's most powerful transport helicopters in the town of Grand Prairie, in neighbouring Texas.

In New Orleans, US police and army troops stepped up pressure on holdout residents to obey a mandatory evacuation order. Officials said the time was nearing for police to exercise their authority to compel people to abandon their homes.

'It will be a forceable evacuation - not that we will use force, but it will be mandatory,' said Chief Deputy Sheriff Anthony Fernandez.

Lieutenant-Colonel Kevin Rodrigues, 41, the Peace Prairie detachment commander who led Singapore's hurricane relief mission, said yesterday that the RSAF Chinooks had carried a total of 226 tonnes of cargo - mostly sand to shore up broken levees - during the week-long mission. They also airlifted relief supplies, such as food, fresh water and medicine.

Each Chinook can carry three giant sandbags, weighing more than nine tonnes, using three cargo hooks on its belly. A flight engineer and aircrew specialist stand at the open rear cargo camp of the Chinook to guide the pilot over the levee breach as the helicopter hovers low over the murky water.

'It's not a precision operation. We try to drop the sand bags between the two broken ends and dump more and more sand until the sand is above the water level,' said Lt-Col Rodrigues. Once enough sand is dumped into the breach, US Army engineers use machinery such as bulldozers to seal the opening with more sand.

Lt-Col Rodrigues, a pilot for 22 years, said Chinooks operate like aerial cranes. A trip from the sand bag preparation site to the broken levees takes just 10 minutes and Chinooks make multiple trips from dawn to dusk each day, he said. At the start of their mission, the RSAF Chinooks airlifted more than 620 residents from the city.

Major Kevin Wee Kim Aun, 33, an RSAF officer involved in the operation, said: 'The high points of this humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operation must certainly be the looks of relief and appreciation on the faces of the evacuees when we flew them from the flooded areas to temporary living quarters set up by the US Federal Emergency Management Agency and the US Army.'

David Boey
dboey@sph.com.sg
The Straits Times Interactive, 10 September 2005

The Moral Home for the Aged Sick - where the aged sick get more than just nursing care

In the seventh part of our weekly series on charities here, The Straits Times looks at the Moral Home for the Aged Sick, which has been tirelessly providing nursing care to needy elderly citizens since 1986.


HELPING HAND: Madam Chan, 83, who was partially paralysed by a stroke six years ago, is one of 33 residents whose stay at the home is paid for. -- PHOTO: ASHLEIGH SIM

MADAM Chan Sock Chiang has helped others all her life, but she now needs a lot of care herself. Six years ago, the confinement maid suffered a stroke which left the right side of her body paralysed. She couldn't walk, or even go to the toilet on her own. Madam Chan, now 83, was then living in a one-room rental flat in Ang Mo Kio with her unmarried son, who worked as an odd-job labourer and could not care for her full time.

But then a relative took her to the Moral Home for the Aged Sick, and Madam Chan was finally able to get all the help she needed.

'I was so handicapped, I couldn't even move my right arm. Luckily the home tolong (helped in Malay) me,' she said of the home, one of the welfare projects run by the inter-religious Chee Hoon Kog Moral Promotion Society.

She is one of 115 residents at the home, which was first set up in a refurbished community centre in 1986, catering to only 26 residents before moving into its current premises in Jalan Bilal, off Bedok Road, in 1994.
Now, it can take in up to 120 residents as well as five day-care patients.

Thirty-three residents, including Madam Chan, do not pay for their stay - the Government contributes $260 a month while the home subsidises the rest. It also gives each of them $20 a month as pocket money.

The others pay between $500 and $1,100 monthly, with the home offsetting part of the fees for about half of them.

The residents - most of them above 75 years of age and suffering from illnesses such as diabetes, high blood pressure or dementia - are looked after by nurses and attend daily physiotherapy sessions.

For recreation, they play games such as mahjong and bingo, or just watch television. Wednesdays are special - they get to watch action movies such as Hong Kong martial arts flick Once Upon A Time In China.

On some days, they get to go out, chaperoned by volunteers, who also organise activities such as singing performances or simple games.

The home needs about $1 million a year for operating expenses - which it gets through government subsidies, fees and donations from individuals and organisations, such as the United Workers of the Electronics and Electrical Industries, an employees' union.

Some people walk in to give 'a couple of hundred dollars' or food such as cakes or buns, while others donate red packets from their wedding dinners, said society chairman Lee Kim Siang.

'We are very particular in our spending. We don't gasak (do it without thinking). We give good quality service but we cut down on wastage,' said Mr Lee, who also chairs the Thye Hua Kwan Moral Society, which runs social services.

The home's main expenses are the wages paid to staff, food, medicine and items like adult diapers. While the home can do with donations of equipment such as oxygen tubes, Mr Lee does not foresee any need to start active fund-raising soon - in fact, it has never felt the need to do so.

'Singaporeans are very kind. If you're doing a good job, people will see.'

Ho Ai Li
hoaili@sph.com.sg
The Straits Times Interactive. 10 September 2005

Charity facts
Name: Moral Home for the Aged Sick

What it does: Help the elderly who are wheelchair-bound and have illnesses such as stroke or high blood pressure.

Money it needs each year: About $1 million

How it raises funds: It does not hold fund-raising activities but gets government subsidies, fees from residents, and donations from individuals and organisations

Office premises: 1 Jalan Bilal, off Bedok Road

How much it has in reserves: Nothing. The Chee Hoon Kog Moral Promotion Society gives it $100,000 each month for operating expenses. The society spends about $4.35 million a year running 15 welfare and community services and has reserves of about $6 million.

Staff: 43 nursing and administrative

Volunteers: About 40 active ones

Is it online? Yes, at www.chkmps.org.sg

Why you should donate: It provides nursing care and meals for the aged sick, many of whom cannot afford such care

Who to contact if you want to help: Call the home on 6441-0619/6442-2268 or e-mail lilian@chkmps.org.sg

If a giant typhoon were to hit S'pore...

AN AMERICAN'S VIEW

Bruce Sterling, an American science fiction writer, was in Singapore recently. He is best known as a creator of the 'cyberpunk' genre which has plots revolving around computers, artificial intelligence, usually coupled with some breakdown in social order.

He blogged these observations about Singapore:

'NOW that I'm out of Singapore, I reckon it's safe to allege that Singapore has tidy, authoritarian, city-state machine politics. Presumably, I won't get sued for libel for saying this. I mean, it's the truth. Singapore is a very foreign place. Being a Texan, I try not to judge people's political behaviour by any abstract standards. For me, it's all about the neighbours - and Singapore's neighbours are Kuala Lumpur and Jakarta. I don't see a lot of oppressed Singaporean dissidents rushing off to the relative freedom of Kuala Lumpur and Jakarta. On the contrary, people in Malaysia and Indonesia are amazed by any polity that doesn't run on bribes.

For me, the unsettling aspect of Singapore isn't their repression, which is subtle and always nicely dressed in legalisms.

No, the weird part is the public exhortations, the regime's Taoist PR campaign. They've got some kind of genuine Techno-Confucian Mandate of Heaven thing going on. It's being carried out by really bright, eager, workaholic city apparatchiks who are keenly rehearsed.

If Singapore had just been hit by a giant typhoon, the regime wouldn't be snivelling and making excuses about the hunger and looting. Eco-catastrophe and martial law would surely put the Singapore power-elite really on top of their game. They wouldn't spin their 'clean-up effort'.

They would assign resources, put trained people on the job and actually clean up. Because they are not just a spin machine. They possess competence.

Competence doesn't seem like a big deal until you are forced to realise that your own government has none.'

The Straits Times Interactive, 8 September 2005

HURRICANE KATRINA : Singapore copters now ferry supplies

WASHINGTON - THE Singapore Chinook helicopters helping in the relief efforts in the wake of Hurricane Katrina have turned from airlifting stranded victims to ferrying supplies to flood stricken areas.

Speaking from the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) detachment at Fort Polk, Louisiana, Major Ignacius Lee, the deputy commander of the Mindef team, said the evacuation mission had been completed on Sunday.

They had been picking up victims from the New Orleans Superdome and the convention centre and taking them to the city's International Airport since Thursday. Yesterday, the Chinooks began ferrying Zodiac aluminium boats to the flood stricken area.

Said Major Lee yesterday morning: 'Since Sunday evening most of the refugees have been evacuated. So this morning we are flying in the Zodiac boats to the Chalmette area of New Orleans. They are rescue boats with outrigger motors.'

The boats, similar to those used by US Navy Seals, will be employed to search for victims of the hurricane yet to be rescued. They will also be used to collect any bodies found.

Once their mission was completed, Major Lee said the SAF contingent would continue working on ad hoc relief missions with the Texas Army National Guard in their base at Grand Prairie, Texas.

'We are used to working together,' he said.

The SAF contingent is expected to be involved in the Katrina relief mission for three weeks. 'We have been working every day since we deployed here on Thursday. We work the whole daylight hours,' said Major Lee.

Roger Mitton
US Bureau Chief, The Straits Times Interactive, 6 September 2005

HURRICANE KATRINA : Singapore copters help in New Orleans

NEW ORLEANS - THE United States has had offers for help from more than 70 countries around the world. And they are all being put to good use, US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said. No offer will be refused.

'We have used Canadian airlift.

'Singaporean helicopters were in the area and have helped with people.'

Singapore is sending a fourth Chinook helicopter from its Peace Prairie detachment in Grand Prairie, Texas, to assist in the Hurricane Katrina relief operations.

Ms Rice told reporters during a tour of the hurricane-hit sites on Sunday: 'We have offers from France and those supplies will be taken up.'

Countries giving aid ranged from longtime American friends such as Japan, Germany, Canada, France and Britain as well as Cuban President Fidel Castro, who is willing to donate doctors and medicine.

Indonesia, still coping with the aftermath of the Dec 26 tsunami, has offered to send 40 doctors to help survivors, state media said.

Afghanistan has offered US$100,000 (S$167,000) in aid while Bangladesh said it would donate US$1 million in aid. -- REUTERS, ASSOCIATED PRESS

from The Straits Times Interactive, 6 September 2005

Bomb hoax on train

MRT bomb hoax suspect accused of two other scares on buses

Yesterday, two new charges were slapped on Liu Tze Yuen, 45, in a district court after he was held on remand for a week.

THE man allegedly behind the Hougang bomb hoax, which disrupted train services for hours two weeks ago, could be a serial hoaxer as investigations into his alleged wrongdoing widens.

The new charges accuse him of masterminding two other bomb hoaxes this year. They allegedly took place on public buses on July 7 and Aug 12 - the latter on the same day he is accused of carrying out the hoax at the
Hougang MRT station. Liu, who will be held on remand for another week following the new developments, listened solemnly as the charges were read out to him.

On July 7, he was said to have placed a white package in a bus that he was travelling in. He did it at about noon on service 151 as he was travelling along Hougang Avenue 3. Tacked on the package was a note which said: 'If you see it, please don't touch and leave this bus.'

More than a month later, on Aug 12, he allegedly left another package wrapped heavily with scotch tape on service 143 while he was travelling along Eu Tong Sen Street in Chinatown. He was said to have done it at about 1.30pm - an hour after he allegedly left a similar package at the Hougang MRT station. The package was found to have only empty food cans and empty packets of instant noodles.

Liu allegedly intended the passengers on the two buses to believe that the packages contained explosive devices.

He will return to court next Wednesday and now faces a total of three charges under the United Nations (Anti-Terrorism Measures) Regulations, which came into effect here in 2001.

On each charge, he could, if found guilty, be jailed up to five years and fined a maximum of $100,000.

In view of the heightened threat of terrorism, the courts have taken a severe stand against bomb hoaxers.

In March this year, 29-year-old Mak Hoy Meng, a restaurant supervisor, was jailed for 2 1/2 years after admitting he was responsible for a bomb hoax. On Feb 4, he gave an SMRT employee two handwritten notes bearing bomb threats that he claimed to have found.

In June last year, Mohamed Ansari Amanulla, a former customer service officer with SBS Transit, was jailed for 3 1/2 years for making a hoax call about a bomb. He made the call after leaving a box and a note on a North-East Line MRT train. The note bore messages that said 'Beware!', 'Singapore is not safe from today, any time, anywhere' and 'Revenge is sweet. Help save lives'.

from The Straits Times Interactive
26 August 2005

Need to develop a service culture

Service standards still a long way to go
S'pore needs to develop a service culture, and firms must take the lead

IT'S time to talk about the new GST - and it's not the goods and services tax. It could well be the new slogan for Singapore's service industry: 'Greet, Smile and Thank'.

In Hong Kong, movie star Andy Lau led a uccessful campaign to urge people to provide good service.
'So I think we should consider similar campaign. Maybe we can have Taufik and Sly,' said Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong yesterday, referring to Singapore Idol winners Taufik Batisah and Sylvester Sim.
The need to change the Singapore mindset and improve service standards is no laughing matter, stressed Mr Lee. 'It's a critical success factor if we are going to develop a service industry.'
The service and manufacturing sectors are Singapore's twin engines of growth.

But the need to improve service should not be motivated by just economic imperatives. 'It's also for ourselves because it's the kind of society we are,' said Mr Lee.

And Singapore has a long way to go, he noted.

Unlike other countries, Singapore does not have a natural service culture. The Thais greet guests with 'Sawadikup', Japanese say 'Irrashaimasse', while Australians say 'G'day mate'. 'Singaporeans go straight to the point: 'How can I help?' If you're not so lucky, they say: 'What you want?' ' said Mr Lee, as the audience laughed and exchanged knowing looks.

To get people to see service jobs as 'honourable', everyone has to play his part: employers, service staff and customers. But employers have to take the lead. They need to invest in training as well as adopt service-friendly policies.

To illustrate, Mr Lee talked about a polytechnic student on a work attachment at a hotel. 'A guest came, ordered a cold drink and felt cold. So this student says, I must look after the guest, and she served her warm water. 'She got scolded by her supervisor: 'You must not serve her warm water. You must sell her a warm drink.' '

But there are good examples too.

Mr Lee held up as models, hospitals where patients can leave the waiting area. When their queue number is due, they will be alerted by an SMS. For workers, Mr Lee has this advice: 'You have to believe service jobs are honourable, not low-class jobs. You can serve with pride and professionalism and these are jobs that lead on to something.'

So a hairdressing assistant may go on to run her own salon, he added.

Customers need to change too and Mr Lee felt all Singaporeans have to do their share. 'If the customers treat you like dirt, you are not going to serve with pride. And customers have to know... that the person is serving you, it doesn't mean he is a slave.

'That, I think, is something all of us have to change.'
It is not impossible, Mr Lee said, pointing to Singapore's recent success in hosting the International Olympic Committee session. In September next year, the International Monetary Fund-World Bank meeting will be held here.

'We have to deliver the best service level so the whole world knows Singapore is not just clean and safe but also welcoming and hospitable. So let's gear up now,' said Mr Lee.

Hoteliers interviewed yesterday said the biggest challenge is the negative image of service jobs. At Raffles Holdings, wages were restructured and jobs redesigned to inculcate a sense of pride, said its chief executive officer Jennie Chua. Mr Derek Sline, who rose from front-desk reception to hotel manager of the Ritz-Carlton here, felt one way is to arm people with information.

'We should start speaking to the schools, and make students aware of the great career opportunities in this industry.'

by Lee Xueying
The Straits Times Interactive
22 August 2005
xueying@sph.com.sg

PM Lee: Your vibrant global city, your home

PM maps out vision to remake Singapore and calls on everyone to play a part

MAKE Singapore a vibrant, global city that can be proudly called home - that was the call to one and all by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong last night. In his second National Day Rally speech, Mr Lee unwrapped his special 40th birthday present for Singapore: a vision for the next 40 years in which everyone plays a part to achieve this ambition.

Putting some oomph of his own into the speech, with the use of slides and snazzy video clips, Mr Lee announced several goodies and initiatives.

To fuel future economic growth, research and development (R&D) and innovation are to receive a greater emphasis.

Bold plans to create a sparkling new Downtown at Marina Bay and renew public housing estates were unveiled, complete with slides of how this all could look. The young will receive more paths to success through boosts to polytechnics and the Normal (Technical) stream in secondary schools. As well, the 'baby bonus' account age for contributions from parents and the Government has been raised from six to 18.

Older Singaporeans will benefit from extended medical insurance coverage. The age limit for Medisave will go up from 80 to 85.

New housing grants will help low-income families buy Housing Board flats and build up their assets.

The measures provide a roadmap for remaking Singapore and building the inclusive society Mr Lee outlined in his maiden rally speech last year as prime minister.

True to that, he went to some lengths last night to celebrate 'ordinary' Singaporeans.

They ranged from a young entrepreneur who dared to set up shop in strife-torn East Timor, to a retrenched secretary, who, at age 63, started cleaning toilets rather than remain jobless.

'Each contribution, big or small, is one of many threads that we will weave together to make the fabric of our nation,' he told his audience of 1,700 at the University Cultural Centre in Kent Ridge.

He spoke in Mandarin, Malay and English for about 2 1/2 hours in all.

Looking relaxed, he layered his speech with wit and humour along with vision and policy.

Singapore, he said, has achieved much in the last 40 years but it cannot afford to stand still.

It must remake itself in four areas: the economy, education, mindsets and its city.

Although competition has heated up, he remained confident that having gone from making bowls of bee hoon to creating a Biopolis scientific hub, Singapore will continue to stay ahead.

To steer future research and development strategies, a Research, Innovation and Enterprise Council will be set up.

Mr Lee will chair it, with Deputy Prime Minister Tony Tan as deputy.

But economic growth is not an end in itself - it is to generate resources to achieve social goals, such as helping the poor and ensuring affordable health care.

Education remains the most important way to help the lower-income group, he stressed.

The aim must be to offer a first-class education to all, not just an elite few.

The Government will continue with efforts to improve the polytechnics, Institutes of Technical Education and the Normal (Technical) stream in secondary schools.

'We are aiming for a mountain range, not a pinnacle. We want many routes up, many ways to succeed.'

Singapore's remaking must also extend to mindsets about service jobs.

A long-term national effort to promote good service will be launched, with Minister Raymond Lim at the helm.

Finally, the whole city itself must be remade, from the heartland to downtown.

Mr Lee said its design would be well-conceived, restrained but of high quality.

'It will be a city in our image, a sparkling jewel,' he promised.

Close to tears as he brought his speech to a close, Mr Lee said Singaporeans must realise that what they have created over the last 40 years is unique and precious.

'We've created a Singapore spirit. We're courageous but compassionate, we're confident, never complacent.

'It's a spirit which will hold us together as one united people, each one contributing to remaking our nation,' he said to a standing ovation.

by Lydia Lim, Senior Political Correspondent,
The Straits Times Interactive, 22 Aug 2005
lydia@sph.com.sg

A pao-ka-liao speech

Speech with something about everyone - and for everyone

FROM Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong who pledged to build an 'open, inclusive' society, came a speech last night that was, aptly, all-inclusive in style as well as substance.
Call it a pao ka liao (Hokkien for all-inclusive) speech.

It had something for everyone and aimed to rally all - young, old, rich, poor, Singaporean in Punggol or Portugal, student in Bugis or grandpa in Bedok.

The address was also notable for the way it tried to mend emergent rifts in Singapore's young society.

The National Day Rally speech is the public performance par excellence of the Prime Minister each year.

Mr Lee's address at the University Cultural Centre last night was his second as Prime Minister. In Malay and Mandarin, then English, he displayed an infectious enthusiasm for the future, infused with a surprisingly egalitarian instinct and stamped with his own brand of unscripted humour.

When Mr Lee was sworn in as Prime Minister last year, his guest list included hawkers, taxi-drivers, disabled Singaporeans.

He peopled his speech last night with stories of some 19 ordinary folks who were extraordinary in some way, including retrenched secretary Shirley Lee who saw no shame in taking up a job cleaning toilets, to hockey player Helamatha Arudas, a student from the National Institute of Education, with her 'never say die' attitude.

With these stories, Mr Lee buttressed the point that Singapore isn't just a 'pinnacle' with stars and the elite on top, but a mountain range with multiple peaks for people of different abilities to scale.

Sceptics will say that this grassroots element in his speech is just public relations. After all, a politician is judged not so much for what he says, or how he says it, but for what he does. The test lies in the substance of policies.

So Mr Lee devoted as much of his time yesterday to policy, as to painting a vision of the future.

The vision was carefully crafted to be inclusive, bringing together seemingly divergent groups. The policy announcements were aimed at trying to mend emerging rifts in Singapore society.

So the segment where Mr Lee painted a vivid word-picture on Singapore as a sparkling global city, actually began where it should: in the heartland, with rejuvenated Toa Payoh as the prototype for more estate renewal in Ang Mo Kio, Bedok and Clementi.

For what would be the point of having an exciting city for tourists and high-income 'cosmopolitan' Singaporeans, if the majority of Singaporean 'heartlanders' live in ageing, decaying estates?

He chose to quote or celebrate people whom some Singaporeans would have looked askance at in the past. He mentioned a teacher once expelled as a student for playing truant. He quoted from a foreigner. He mentioned an e-mail by a Singaporean teacher who now has a language school in Portugal but feels no less Singaporean. She might once have been labelled a 'quitter' for leaving Singapore, but was last night a guest at the rally.

In so doing, he displayed a conscious effort to reach out to the groups they represent, including the swelling ranks of foreigners here, and Singaporeans overseas.

Another rift that Mr Lee's policy announcements last night tried to bridge was the growing income gap.

Two recent surveys have shown that incomes for the bottom 20 per cent of households fell in the last few years, while average incomes went up. More troubling is that their children tend to do worse in school.

Many societies live with a widening income gap and say it's an inescapable problem. To its credit, this government doesn't just shrug its shoulders at the problem, but is trying to alleviate it with a ComCare fund and a committee on low-wage workers set up this year.

Taking the bull by the horns, PM Lee announced two new initiatives last night: an effort in the Malay-Muslim community to help families with multiple problems get out of the poverty trap, and a new housing grant to help the lower-income buy Housing Board flats.

These are targeted solutions to an intractable problem.

Of even greater impact than those policies was the promise PM Lee held out to students: that they can excel, whether they are in the academically advanced streams, in the mainstream school system, or in the technical stream.

Singaporeans used to lauding those who get straight As in school, will appreciate how radically egalitarian it was for the Prime Minister to highlight the successes of those from the Institute of Technical Education (ITE), which caters to the less academically inclined.

And how apt it was that he should choose to commission and screen two videos on service standards from Ngee Ann Polytechnic students, not students from one of the 'elite' schools.

Tiny Singapore, an unnatural state, succeeded 'beyond its wildest expectations', as Mr Lee said. No one knows what the next 40 years would hold, but he pledged:

'I can make you this promise: We are one people together. Growth and prosperity in Singapore is for all Singaporeans to share and provided you work hard and you help yourself, we will help you to succeed and we will progress together and we will not leave anybody behind.'

by Chua Mui Hoong
The Straits Times Interactive
23 August 2005

ND2005 PM's speech - main points

Progressing together
NO ONE LEFT BEHIND
'I can make you this promise. We are one people together. Growth and prosperity in Singapore is for all Singaporeans to share. And provided you work hard and you help yourself, we will help you to succeed and we will progress together and we will not leave anybody behind.' -- MR LEE'S assurance to Singaporeans who are prepared to strive and help themselves


Education
MANY WAYS TO SUCCEED
'We are aiming for a mountain range, not a pinnacle. We want many routes up, many ways to succeed... If you are a teh tarik man, you must be a good teh tarik man, pour the tea and turn around... In Chinese, they say hang hang chu zhuang yuan: In every profession, there are people who are excellent, who are outstanding, who are world-class and I think we must be like that in Singapore.' -- MR LEE, on having an education system that creates and offers opportunities for all, not just an elite few


Service culture
BEING OURSELVES
'This is an effort which we have to continue for a long time. The government agencies will get together and will promote it...

It's not just for the tourists. It's also for ourselves because it's the kind of society we are: Being gracious, courteous, respectful of one another, knowing that everybody has a dignified place in Singapore, that everybody belongs, doing his part and excelling in his profession and serving with pride.' -- MR LEE was applauded when he spoke of having a campaign to develop a more gracious, service-oriented outlook among Singaporeans


Nation building
SINGAPORE SPIRIT
'With this situation, with this climate and this mood, we have every reason to rejoice. We can do this again for another 40 years because here in Singapore we've created something which is special, which is unique and precious.

How have we done it? It's our people, our ideas and our actions. Most important of all, we've created a Singapore spirit. We're courageous but compassionate, we're confident, never complacent.

It's a spirit which will hold us together as one united people, each one doing his part, each one contributing to remaking our nation and building our home. And together we will make this a vibrant global city called home.' -- MR LEE, on the special 'something' that Singapore has created for itself


Vibrant global city
CITY IN OUR IMAGE
'The city must reflect the spirit of our people, be well-conceived, vigorously executed, restrained but high quality, every aspect thought through, constantly being improved and remade in search of excellence.

It will be a city in our image, a sparkling jewel, a home for all of us to be proud of, a home that will belong to all of us.' -- MR LEE, on remaking and developing Singapore to become a dynamic city